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Rudolf Stefan Weigl (2 September 1883 – 11 August 1957, Zakopane, Poland) was a Polish biologist and inventor of the first effective vaccine against epidemic typhus. He founded the Weigl Institute in Lwów, Poland (now Lviv, Ukraine), where he conducted vaccine research.〔 There, during the Holocaust, he harbored Jews, thereby risking execution by the Germans. His vaccines were also smuggled into the Lwów Ghetto and the Warsaw Ghetto, saving countless additional Jewish lives.〔T Tansey (2014) ''Typhus and tyranny,'' Nature 511(7509), 291.〕 ==Life== Weigl was an Austrian of German ethnicity, born in Prerau (now ''Přerov''), Moravia, when it was part of the Austrian part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. When he was a child, his father died in a bicycle accident. His mother, Elisabeth Kroesel, married a Polish secondary-school teacher, Józef Trojnar, and they raised Weigl in Jasło, Poland. Later the family moved to Lviv (''Lwów'' in Polish, ''Lemberg'' in German), where in 1907 Weigl graduated from the biology department at the University of Jan Kazimierz, where he had been a pupil of Professors Benedykt Dybowski (1833–1930) and J. Nusbaum–Hilarowicz (1859–1917). After graduation, Weigl became Nusbaum's assistant and in 1913 completed his ''habilitacja'' in the department of comparative zoology and anatomy.〔Waclaw Szybalski, ("The genius of Rudolf Stefan Weigl (1883 – 1957), a Lvovian microbe hunter and breeder" ) In memoriam. McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53705, USA〕 During the Nazi German occupation of Poland in World War II, Weigl's research attracted the attention of the Nazis. When they occupied Lviv, they ordered him to set up a vaccine production plant at his Institute. About a thousand people worked there. Weigl employed and protected Polish intellectuals, Jews and members of the Polish underground. His vaccines were smuggled into ghettos in Lviv and Warsaw, saving countless lives, until the Institute was shut down by the Soviet Union following their 1944 anti-German offensive.〔Halina Szymanska Ogrodzinska, ("Her Story". Recollections )〕 In 1945 Weigl moved to Kraków, Poland. He was appointed Chair of the General Microbiology Institute of Jagiellonian University, and later Chair of Biology of the Poznań Medical Faculty. Production of the vaccine remained at Kraków for some years until discontinued. Weigl died on 11 August 1957 in the Polish mountain resort of Zakopane.〔 The Weigl Institute features prominently in Andrzej Żuławski's 1971 film, ''The Third Part of the Night''. In 2003, a half-century after his death, Professor Weigl was recognized by Israel as a Righteous among the Nations of the World.〔Znak Magazine, 24.07.2003.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rudolf Weigl」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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